d with tolerable correctness by each and
properly described.

SECRETIVENESS, which is but a modification of Cautiousness, occupying
its middle region, is much too large on the maps, and on that of Gall
it is quite out of place--too far forward and too high up, occupying a
region which produces modesty and refinement.

ACQUISITIVENESS (7th of Gall, 8th of Spurzheim) is still farther
mislocated on the map of Gall, occupying a region of intellectual,
inventive and literary capacity. This is the most _outre_ and absurd
of all Gall's locations. Placing this selfish and grasping propensity
in the front lobe which belongs to intellect, when it really belongs
to the selfish, adhesive, and combative elements of the occiput, is an
error of so extravagant a character as to show that Gall had no
correct psychology in his mind, and no capacity or desire to construct
a harmonious system. Spurzheim's location, much farther back, is
somewhat less erroneous, but both are thoroughly false, and a few
months of my first observations fifty-two years ago satisfied me as to
this error. That it should have flourished unchallenged by
Phrenologists for eighty years, seems to show that when a dominant
idea is once established in the mind, all facts are made to conform to
it. Is is remarkable, too, that the very great difference between the
locations given by Gall and by Spurzheim has not attracted notice. But
in fact the map of Gall has never had any popular currency. Spurzheim
and Combe have been the accepted authors. The true location of
acquisitiveness is anterior to combativeness, and lower than
adhesiveness. Gall was misled by studying the young pickpockets and
thieves of Vienna. The organ that he found suits a low cunning and
dextrous character when the head lacks elevation.

CONSTRUCTIVENESS, Spurzheim's 9th (Bausinn, or aptitude for mechanical
arts, of Gall No. 19), is decidedly mislocated by Spurzheim. Instead
of being placed in the purely intellectual region adjacent to
calculation, order, and system, it is carried back and down into the
region of somnolence and sensitive impressibility. Gall's location is
a little worse because lower, being carried out of the intellectual
region into the middle lobe according to his published map. It is very
easy to detect this error in examining a number of heads, and it was
quite apparent to me in my first year's observations. In impressible
persons the touch upon this locality produces nothing bu