his neck. At the charge of treason Cromwell
flung his cap on the ground with a passionate cry of despair. "This,
then," he exclaimed, "is my guerdon for the services I have done! On
your consciences, I ask you, am I a traitor?" Then, with a sudden sense
that all was over, he bade his foes make quick work, and not leave him
to languish in prison.

Quick work was made. A few days after his arrest he was attainted in
parliament, and at the close of July a burst of popular applause hailed
his death on the scaffold.

CARTIER EXPLORES CANADA

FRENCH ATTEMPTS AT COLONIZATION

A.D. 1534

H. H. MILES

Early in the sixteenth century, when France, after the
Hundred Years' War with England, had begun to be a notable
European power, the nation, under the young and brilliant
Francis I, took up the project of prosecuting New World
discovery and obtaining a firm footing on the mainland of
America. The French King's attention had been directed to
the enterprise by his grand admiral, Philip de Chabot, who
seems to have been interested in the hardy mariner and
skilled navigator, Jacques Cartier, and wished to place him
at the head of an expedition to the New World, to prosecute
discovery on the northeastern coast of America. This was in
the year A.D. 1534, ten year after Verrazano had been in the
region and named it New France, in honor of the French King.
On April 20, 1534, Cartier, with two small vessels of about
sixty tons each, set sail from the Britanny port of St. Malo
for Newfoundland, on the banks of which Cartier's Breton and
Norman countrymen had long been accustomed to fish. The
incidents of this and the subsequent voyages of the St. Malo
mariner, with an account of the expedition under the Viceroy
of Canada, the Sieur de Roberval, will be found appended in
Dr. Miles' interesting narrative.

Canada was discovered in the year 1534, by Jacques Cartier (or
Quartier), a mariner belonging to the small French seaport St. Malo. He
was a man in whom were combined the qualities of prudence, industry,
skill, perseverance, courage, and a deep sense of religion. Commissioned
by the King of France, Francis I, he conducted three successive
expeditions across the Atlantic for the purpose of prosecuting discovery
in the western hemisphere; and it is well understood that he had
previously gained experience in seamanship