ity cannot exist externally to the
Catholic pale, for it cannot teach Universal Knowledge if it does not
teach Catholic theology. This is certain; but still, though it had ever so
many theological Chairs, that would not suffice to make it a Catholic
University; for theology would be included in its teaching only as a
branch of knowledge, only as one out of many constituent portions, however
important a one, of what I have called Philosophy. Hence a direct and
active jurisdiction of the Church over it and in it is necessary, lest it
should become the rival of the Church with the community at large in those
theological matters which to the Church are exclusively committed,--acting
as the representative of the intellect, as the Church is the
representative of the religious principle. The illustration of this
proposition shall be the subject of my concluding Discourse.

2.

I say then, that, even though the case could be so that the whole system
of Catholicism was recognized and professed, without the direct presence
of the Church, still this would not at once make such a University a
Catholic Institution, nor be sufficient to secure the due weight of
religious considerations in its philosophical studies. For it may easily
happen that a particular bias or drift may characterize an Institution,
which no rules can reach, nor officers remedy, nor professions or promises
counteract. We have an instance of such a case in the Spanish
Inquisition;--here was a purely Catholic establishment, devoted to the
maintenance, or rather the ascendancy of Catholicism, keenly zealous for
theological truth, the stern foe of every anti-Catholic idea, and
administered by Catholic theologians; yet it in no proper sense belonged
to the Church. It was simply and entirely a State institution, it was an
expression of that very Church-and-King spirit which has prevailed in
these islands; nay, it was an instrument of the State, according to the
confession of the acutest Protestant historians, in its warfare against
the Holy See. Considered "_materially_," it was nothing but Catholic; but
its spirit and form were earthly and secular, in spite of whatever faith
and zeal and sanctity and charity were to be found in the individuals who
from time to time had a share in its administration. And in like manner,
it is no sufficient security for the Catholicity of a University, even
that the whole of Catholic theology should be professed in it, unless the