ssed in
his answer to the question "What is a Dago?" "Dagoes," he replied, "is
anything wot isn't our sort of chaps."

[Illustration: RESTORATION BY A. FORESTIER OF THE RHODESIAN MAN WHOSE
SKULL WAS DISCOVERED IN 1921

Attention may be drawn to the beetling eyebrow ridges, the projecting
upper lip, the large eye-sockets, the well-poised head, the strong
shoulders.

The squatting figure is crushing seeds with a stone, and a crusher is
lying on the rock to his right.]

[Illustration: RESTORATION BY A. FORESTIER OF THE RHODESIAN MAN WHOSE
SKULL WAS DISCOVERED IN 1921

The figure in the foreground, holding a staff, shows the erect attitude
and the straight legs. His left hand holds a flint implement.

On the left, behind the sitting figure, is seen the entrance to the
cave. This new Rhodesian cave-man may be regarded as a southern
representative of a Neanderthal race, or as an extinct type intermediate
between the Neanderthal Men and the Modern Man type.]

Steps in Human Evolution

Real men arose, we believe, by variational uplifts of considerable
magnitude which led to big and complex brains and to the power of
reasoned discourse. In some other lines of mammalian evolution there
were from time to time great advances in the size and complexity of the
brain, as is clear, for instance, in the case of horses and elephants.
The same is true of birds as compared with reptiles, and everyone
recognises the high level of excellence that has been attained by their
vocal powers. How these great cerebral advances came about we do not
know, but it has been one of the main trends of animal evolution to
improve the nervous system. Two suggestions may be made. First, the
prolongation of the period of ante-natal life, in intimate physiological
partnership with the mother, may have made it practicable to start the
higher mammal with a much better brain than in the lower orders, like
Insectivores and Rodents, and still more Marsupials, where the period
before birth (gestation) is short. Second, we know that the individual
development of the brain is profoundly influenced by the internal
secretions of certain ductless glands notably the thyroid. When this
organ is not functioning properly the child's brain development is
arrested. It may be that increased production of certain
hormones--itself, of course, to be accounted for--may have stimulated
brain development in man's remote ancestors.

Given variability along the line of be