re dependent on
the primary occupations, whether hunting or fishing, farming or
shepherding; and on the industries of later ages which have a profound
moulding effect on the individual at least. We cannot, however, say more
than that the factors of human progress have always had these three
aspects, Folk, Place, Work, and that if progress is to continue on
stable lines it must always recognise the essential correlation of
fitter folk in body and mind: improved habits and functions, alike in
work and leisure; and bettered surroundings in the widest and deepest
sense.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

DARWIN, CHARLES, _Descent of Man_.
HADDON, A. C., _Races of Men_.
HADDON, A. C., _History of Anthropology_.
KEANE, A. H., _Man Past and Present_.
KEITH, ARTHUR, _Antiquity of Man_.
LULL, R. S., _Organic Evolution_.
MCCABE, JOSEPH, _Evolution of Civilization_.
MARETT, R. R., _Anthropology_ (Home University Library).
OSBORN, H. F., _Men of the Early Stone Age_.
SOLLAS, W. J., _Ancient Hunters and their Modern Representatives_.
TYLOR, E. B., _Anthropology and Primitive Culture_.

VI

EVOLUTION GOING ON

EVOLUTION GOING ON

Evolution, as we have seen in a previous chapter, is another word for
race-history. It means the ceaseless process of Becoming, linking
generation to generation of living creatures. The Doctrine of Evolution
states the fact that the present is the child of the past and the parent
of the future. It comes to this, that the living plants and animals we
know are descended from ancestors on the whole simpler, and these from
others likewise simpler, and so on, back and back--till we reach the
first living creatures, of which, unfortunately, we know nothing.
Evolution is a process of racial change in a definite direction, whereby
new forms arise, take root, and flourish, alongside of or in the place
of their ancestors, which were in most cases rather simpler in structure
and behaviour.

The rock-record, which cannot be wrong, though we may read it wrongly,
shows clearly that there was once a time in the history of the Earth
when the only backboned animals were Fishes. Ages passed, and there
evolved Amphibians, with fingers and toes, scrambling on to dry land.
Ages passed, and there evolved Reptiles, in bewildering profusion. There
were fish-lizards and sea-serpents, terrestrial dragons and flying
dragons, a prolific and varied stock. From the terrestrial Dinosaurs it
seems that Birds and Mammal