fter being used for a few days it
became strong smelling, and was thrown away, another taking its place.
Some preferred the "[t]en[)a]n[']de uq[|c]a[']ha [|c]a^{n}" or
pericardium(?) of the buffalo, which is like sinew. This does not smell
unpleasant, even when used for seven or ten days. But at the expiration
of that time it is unfit for further service.

Jugs have been introduced by the traders.

Other Vessels.

Provision sacks or parfleche cases were made of dried buffalo hide. When
used for carrying the dried meat, they were called weabasta. After two
or three years' use they became soft and were fit only for making
moccasin soles. These sacks had the hair taken off, and were sometimes
made in trunk fashion.

Fruit baskets were of three kinds. The Ponka made them of the bark of a
tree, called tawa[,]a^{n}he, which is found on the old Ponka reservation
in Dakota. Northern Indians make boats of this bark. The Omaha do not
find the tree on their land, so they make the fruit baskets of other
kinds of bark. The three kinds of baskets are as follows: Na^{n}[']pa
u[|c]is[)e], used for chokecherries; ag[|c]an[']kamange u[|c]is[)e],
used for raspberries; and bact u[|c]is[)e], used for strawberries. When
the Ponka wished to make the baskets, they stripped off the bark in
horizontal sections, not pulling upward or downward.

In modern times the Omaha have learned to make sacks of thread of
different colors drawn from black, red, blue, and white blankets.
Different figures are woven. Each sack is about a foot deep, 16 inches
from the mouth to the opposite side, and from 2 to 2-1/2 feet long. The
opening is on one of the long sides, and when the articles are put in a
gathering string is drawn and tied.

Hoes and Axes.

For hoes, the Omaha used the shoulder blades of the buffalo. Axes and
hatchets are now made of iron, hence, the Omaha name, ma^{n}[']ze-pe,
sharp iron. But the Kansa have the ancient name, ma^{n}[']hi-spe,
answering to the Dakota, wa^{n}hi^{n}[']-kpe, sharp flint. The hatchet
is distinguished from the ax by adding "jinga," small. Some of the stone
axes and hatchets have been found on the Omaha reservation, but they
could hardly have been used for cutting. It is not known what tools were
used for felling trees.

Knives.

Knives were made of stone. A prominent butte, near the old Ponka agency,
Nebraska, is known as "Mahi^{n}-[t]u," signifying blue knife, from the
character of the stone with which i