ized that in adopting measures to prevent
floods the margin of safety must be extremely wide. The extraordinary
rainfall of those three October days can not with assurance be accepted
as the maximum.

_Precipitation, in inches, in Passaic Valley and vicinity, October 7 to
11, 1903._

---------------------+------------------+------------------+--------
| From-- | To-- |
Station. +------+-----------+------+-----------+ Amount.
| Day. | Hour. | Day. | Hour. |
---------------------+------+-----------+------+-----------+--------
Highland region: | | | | |
Dover | 7 | | 11 | 9 p.m. | 10.13
Little Falls | 7 | 4 a.m. | 11 | 7 a.m. | 14.13
Charlotteburg | 7 | | 10 | | 12.67
Ringwood | 8 | 11 a.m. | 9 | 8 p.m. | 10.63
| | | | |
Red Sandstone plain: | | | | |
Paterson | 7 | 5 a.m. | 9 | 3.45 p.m. | 15.04
River Vale | 8 | 8 a.m. | 11 | 6 p.m. | 12.55
Essex Fells | 8 | | 9 | 4 p.m. | 10.66
Newark | 8 | 8.30 a.m. | 11 | 5 a.m. | 12.09
South Orange | 8 | 6 a.m. | 10 | Night | 10.48
---------------------+------+-----------+------+-----------+--------

The extremely rapid rate of precipitation during the crucial part of the
storm is shown by the recording gages placed at observation stations in
Newark and New York City.

_Hourly records of precipitation at New York observation station,
October 8 and 9, 1903_.

Inches.

Oct. 8, 9 to 10 a. m. 0.08
10 to 11 a. m. .02
11 to 12 m. .32
12 m. to 1 p. m. .10
1 to 2 p. m. .05
2 to 3 p. m. .06
3 to 4 p. m. .34
4 to 5 p. m. .01
5 to 6 p. m. .10
6 to 7 p. m. .02
7 to 8 p. m. .93
8 to 9 p. m. .32
9 to 10 p. m. .24
10 to 11 p. m. .27
11 to 12 p. m. .26
9, 12 to 1 a. m. .30
Oct. 9, 1 to 2 a. m.