y raised with regard to the payment of ship money, obliged him to
exert continual acts of authority, augmented the discontents of the
people, and increased his indigence and necessities.[v**]

* See note E, at the end of the volume.

** May, p. 48.

*** Rush. vol. iii. p. 1181.

**** Rush. vol. i. p. 168.

v May, p. 63.

v* Rush. vol. iii. p. 1216. May, p. 63.

v** Rush. vol. iii. p. 1173, 1182, 1184, 1199, 1200, 1203,
1204.

The present expedients, however, enabled the king, though with great
difficulty, to march his army, consisting of nineteen thousand foot and
two thousand horse.[*] The earl of Northumberland was appointed
general; the earl of Strafford, who was called over from Ireland,
lieutenant-general; Lord Conway, general of the horse. A small fleet was
thought sufficient to serve the purposes of this expedition.

So great are the effects of zeal and unanimity, that the Scottish army,
though somewhat superior, were sooner ready than the king's; and they
marched to the borders of England. To engage them to proceed, besides
their general knowledge of the secret discontents of that kingdom,
Lord Saville had forged a letter, in the name of six noblemen the most
considerable of England, by which the Scots were invited to assist their
neighbors in procuring a redress of grievances.[**] Notwithstanding
these warlike preparations and hostile attempts, the Covenanters still
preserved the most pathetic and most submissive language; and entered
England, they said, with no other view than to obtain access to the
king's presence, and lay their humble petition at his royal feet. At
Newburn upon Tyne, they were opposed by a detachment of four thousand
five hundred men under Conway, who seemed resolute to dispute with them
the passage of the river. The Scots first entreated them, with great
civility, not to stop them in their march to their gracious sovereign;
and then attacked them with great bravery, killed several, and chased
the rest from their ground. Such a panic seized the whole English army,
that the forces at Newcastle fled immediately to Durham; and not yet
thinking themselves safe, they deserted that town, end retreated into
Yorkshire.[***]

The Scots took possession of Newcastle; and though sufficiently elated
with their victory, they preserved exact discipline, and persevered in
their resolution of paying for every thing, in order still to maintain
the appearan