Mutkinu was on the other bank, perhaps at Kharbet-Beddai,
nearly opposite Pitru. Nappigi was on the left bank of the
Euphrates, which excludes its identification with Mabog-
Hierapolis, as proposed by Hommel; Nabigath, mentioned by
Tomkins, is too far east. Nappigi and Aligu must both be
sought in the district between the Euphrates and the town of
Saruj.

Arame withdrew to Mount Adduri and awaited his attack in an almost
impregnable position; he was nevertheless defeated: 3400 of his soldiers
fell on the field of battle; his camp, his treasures, his chariots, and
all his baggage passed into the hands of the conqueror, and he himself
barely escaped with his life. Shalmaneser ravaged the country "as a
savage bull ravages and tramples under his feet the fertile fields;" he
burnt the villages and the crops, destroyed Arzashkun, and raised before
its gates a pyramid of human heads, surrounded by a circle of prisoners
impaled on stakes. He climbed the mountain chain of Iritia, and laid
waste Aramali and Zanziuna at his leisure, and descending for the second
time to the shores of Lake Van, renewed the rites he had performed there
in the first year of his reign, and engraved on a neighbouring rock an
inscription recording his deeds of prowess.

[Illustration: 100.jpg SHUA, KING OF GILZAN, BRINGING A WAR-HORSE FULLY
CAPARISONED TO SHALMANESER]

Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from one of the bas-reliefs on the
Black Obelisk.

He made his way back to Gilzan, where its king, Shua, brought him
a war-horse fully caparisoned, as a token of homage. Shalmaneser
graciously deigned to receive it, and further exacted from the king the
accustomed contributions of chariot-horses, sheep, and wine, together
with seven dromedaries, whose strange forms amused the gaping crowds of
Nineveh. After quitting Gilzan, Shalmaneser encountered the people of
Khubushkia, who ventured to bar his way; but its king, Kakia, lost his
city of Shilaia, and three thousand soldiers, besides bulls, horses, and
sheep innumerable. Having enforced submission in Khubushkia, Shalmaneser
at length returned to Assur through the defiles of Kirruri, and came to
Calah to enjoy a well-earned rest after the fatigues of his campaign.

[Illustration: 101.jpg DROMEDARIES FROM GILZAN]

Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from one of the bas-reliefs on the
bronze gates of Balawat.

But Akhuni had not yet lost heart. Though driven back to th