gion, known afterwards as Asia Minor, in which Egyptian tradition
had from ancient times confused some twenty nations under the common
vague epithet of Haui-nibu. Official language still employed it as a
convenient and comprehensive term, but the voyages of the Phoenicians
and the travels of the "Royal Messengers," as well as, probably, the
maritime commerce of the merchants of the Delta, had taught the scribes
for more than a century and a half to make distinctions among these
nations which they had previously summed up in one. The Lufeu* were to
be found there, as well as the Danauna,** the Shardana,*** and others
besides, who lay behind one another on the coast. Of the second line of
populations behind the region of the coast tribes, we have up to
the present no means of knowing anything with certainty. Asia Minor,
furthermore, is divided into two regions, so distinctly separated by
nature as well as by races that one would be almost inclined to regard
them as two countries foreign to each other.

* The Luku, Luka, are mentioned in the Amarna correspondence
under the form Lukki as pirates and highway robbers. The
identity of these people with the Lycians I hold as well
established.

** The Danauna are mentioned along with the Luku in the
Amarna correspondence. The termination, _-auna, -ana_ of
this word appears to be the ending in -aon found in Asiatic
names like Lykaon by the side of Lykos, Kataon by the side
of Ketis and Kat-patuka; while the form of the name Danaos
is preserved in Greek legend, Danaon is found only on
Oriental monuments. The Danauna came "from their islands,"
that is to say, from the coasts of Asia Minor, or from
Greece, the term not being pressed too literally, as the
Egyptians were inclined to call all distant lands situated
to the north beyond the Mediterranean Sea "islands."

*** E. de Rouge and Chabas were inclined to identify the
Shardana with the Sardes and the island of Sardinia. Unger
made them out to be the Khartanoi of Libya, and was followed
by Brugsch. W. Max Mueller revived the hypotheses of De Rouge
and Chabas, and saw in them bands from the Italian island. I
am still persuaded, as I was twenty-five years ago, that
they were Asiatics--the Maeonian tribe which gave its name
to Sardis. The Serdani or Shardana are mentioned as serving
in the Egyptian Army in the T