ch will grow
in any ordinary soil. Flowers are borne from June to September. Seed
may be sown as soon as it is ripe. Height, 9 in. to 2 ft.

Carnations.--These are divided into three classes, but they are all
said originally to come from the clove: (1) Flakes, which are striped
with one colour and white; (2) Bizarres, those streaked with two
colours and white; (3) Picotees, which have each petal margined with
colour on a white or yellow ground, or dotted with small spots. For
pot culture, about the end of March put two roots in an 11-in. pot,
filled with light, turfy loam, well drained (too much moisture being
injurious), pressing the earth firmly round the roots. Stand them on
a bed of ashes in a sheltered position, and when the flower-stems
appear, stake and tie up carefully. As the buds swell thin out the
weakly ones. To prevent them bursting unevenly put an india-rubber
ring round the bud, or tie it with raffia. They will flourish in
the open borders even in towns if planted in light loam, and may be
propagated by _layers_ at the end of July or beginning of August.
Choose for this purpose fine outside shoots, not those which have
borne flowers. Cut off all the lower leaves, leaving half a dozen near
the top untouched. Make incisions on the under sides of the layers,
just below the third joint. Peg down, and cover the stems with equal
quantities of leaf-mould and light loam. Do not water them till the
following day. The young plants may be separated and potted off as
soon as they have taken root--say, the end of August. They may also be
increased by _pipings_. Fill the pots nearly to the top with light,
rich mould and fill up with silver sand. Break off the pipings at the
third joint, then in each piping cut a little upward slit, plant them
pretty thickly in the sand, and place the pot on a gentle hotbed, or
on a bed of sifted coal ashes. Put on the sashes, and keep the plants
shaded from the sun till they have taken root, then harden off
gradually, and place each of the young plants separately in a small
pot. Carnations may also be grown from seed sown in spring. When the
seedlings have made six or eight leaves, prick them out into pots
or beds. They will flower the following year. The beds must be well
drained, as stagnant wet is very injurious to them.

Carnation Margaritae.--May be sown in heat during February or March,
pricked out when strong enough, and planted in the open in May or
June.

Carpenteria Calif