ify
matters to the level of our ignorance, by reducing all primordial
elements to one, or at most two, simple elements, and all forces to the
form of one universal and irrational law; but the progress of science
utterly blasts the effort. No scientific man now dreams of one
primordial element. Chemistry reveals a great many different elements,
which can not be reduced or changed from their simple forms, much less
identified as one and the self-same "substance." The idea of "one
substance" _only_ is a very great error, which grew out of an abuse of
language in confounding the two words, matter and substance. The latter
word is equally applicable to _matter_, or _spirit_, but the former
always contrasts with spirit; so to confound the two is to ignore a
distinction upon which everything depends in any, except the
materialistic, philosophy. When the term substance is used in the
currency of the term matter it admits of the plural form as well as the
singular. Indeed, all the primordial elements known in chemistry are
known as so many different substances. It is unscientific and absurd to
confound all these elements by claiming the one-substance theory. It has
been called "the hog philosophy," on account of its swallowing down so
many _different_ substances in the single form of the word.

"Eighty theories, hostile to Christianity, developed in the course of
forty or fifty years, were brought before the Institute of France in
1806, all of which are repudiated"--dead. It is useless to go further
into details. Science has been as much abused as religion. What benefit
would accrue to the human family from an effort upon our part to bring
to the foreground all the blunders made in scientific researches which
are to-day numbered with the old effete errors in religion? And where is
the propriety of infidels making a set of asses of themselves by playing
upon the little irregularities of language and character in religion, as
they _themselves_ allow no man to do in science and morality.

"EQUAL HANDED JUSTICE" TO ALL, IS OUR MOTTO.

GEOLOGY IN ITS STRUGGLES AND GROWTH AS A SCIENCE.

The science of Geology in its early history is like all other sciences,
an infant. It was not a Hercules at its birth. On the contrary, it was
childlike and rather crooked in many of its ways; but chastisement and
criticism have brought it very far toward real manhood. Its early nurses
were standing continually on the dark line separating th