w the Great Court of the Jupiter Temple, together with the
supporting walls of the terrace, are noticeable. In the W. wall of the
latter occur the three famous megaliths, which gave the name _Trilithon_ to
the Jupiter temple in Byzantine times. These measure from 63 to 64 ft. in
length and 13 ft. in height and breadth, and have been raised 20 ft. above
the ground. They are the largest blocks known to have been used in actual
construction, but are excelled by another block still attached to its bed
in the quarries half a mile S.W. This is 68 ft. long by 14 ft. high and
weighs about 1500 tons. For long these blocks were supposed, even by
European visitors, to be relics of a primeval race of giant builders.

In the town, below the Acropolis, on the S.E. is a small temple of the late
imperial age, consisting of a semicircular cella with a peristyle of eight
Corinthian columns, supporting a projecting entablature. The cella is
decorated without with a frieze, and within with pillars and arcading. This
temple owes its preservation to its use as a church of St Barbara, a local
martyr, also claimed by the Egyptian Heliopolis. Hence the building is
known as Barbarat al-atika. Considerable remains of the N. gate of the city
have also been exposed.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--These vast ruins, more imposing from their immensity than
pleasing in detail, have been described by scores of travellers and
tourists; but it will be sufficient here to refer to the following
works:--(First discoverers) M. von Baumgarten, _Peregrinatio in ... Syriam_
(1594); P. Belon, _De admirabili operum antiquorum praestantia_ (1553); and
_Observations_, &c. (1555). (Before earthquake of 1759) R. Wood, _Ruins of
Baalbec_ (1757). (Before excavation) H. Frauberger, _Die Akropolis von
Baalbek_ (1892). (After excavation) O. Puchstein, _Fuehrer durch die Ruinen
v. Baalbek_ (1905), (with Th. v. Luepke) _Ansichten_, &c. (1905). See also
R. Phene Spiers, _Quart. Stat. Pal. Exp. Fund_, 1904, pp. 58-64, and the
_Builder_, 11 Feb. 1905.

(D. G. H.)

BAARN, a small town in the province of Utrecht, Holland, 5 m. by rail E. of
Hilversum, at the junction of a branch line to Utrecht. Like Hilversum it
is situated in the midst of picturesque and wooded surroundings, and is a
favourite summer resort of people from Amsterdam. The Baarnsche Bosch, or
wood, stretches southward to Soestdyk, where there is a royal [v.03 p.0091]
country-seat, originally acquired by the state in 1795. Loui