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First knowledge of an eastern ocean beyond Cathay 278 The data were thus prepared for Columbus; but as yet nobody reasoned from these data to a practical conclusion 279 The Polo brothers 280 Kublai Khan's message to the Pope 281 Marco Polo and his travels in Asia 281, 282 First recorded voyage of Europeans around the Indo-Chinese peninsula 282 Return of the Polos to Venice 283 Marco Polo's book, written in prison at Genoa, 1299; its great contributions to geographical knowledge 284, 285 Prester John 285 Griffins and Arimaspians 286 The Catalan map, 1375 288, 289 Other visits to China 287-291 Overthrow of the Mongol dynasty, and shutting up of China 291 First rumours of the Molucca islands and Japan 292 The accustomed routes of Oriental trade were cut off in the fifteenth century by the Ottoman Turks 293 Necessity for finding an "outside route to the Indies" 294 CHAPTER IV. THE SEARCH FOR THE INDIES. _EASTWARD OR PORTUGUESE ROUTE._ Question as to whether Asia could be reached by sailing around Africa 295 Views of Eratosthenes 296 Opposing theory of Ptolemy 297 Story of the Phoenician voyage in the time of Necho 298-300 Voyage of Hanno 300, 301 Voyages of Sataspes and Eudoxus 302 Wild exaggerations 303 Views of Pomponius Mela 304, 305 Ancient theory of the five zones 306, 307 The Inhabited World, or Oecumene, and the Antipodes 308 Curious notions about Taprobane (Ceylon) 309 Question as to the possibility of crossing the torrid zone 309 Notions about sailing "up and down hill"
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