d to prosper. His
fleet increased month by month, till he had thirty-six of his own
galleots perpetually on the cruise in the summer season; his prizes
were innumerable, and his forces were increased by the fighting men of
the seventy thousand Moriscos whom he rescued, in a series of voyages,
from servitude in Spain. The waste places of Africa were peopled with
the industrious agriculturists and artisans whom the Spanish
Government knew not how to employ. The foundries and dockyards of
Algiers teemed with busy workmen. Seven thousand Christian slaves
laboured at the defensive works and the harbour; and every attempt of
the Emperor to rescue them and destroy the pirates was repelled with
disastrous loss.

FOOTNOTES:

[10] Kheyr-ed-d[=i]n (pronounced by the Turks _Hare-udeen_), as has
been said, is the Barbarossa of modern writers, and it is probable that
the name was given to him originally under some impression that it was
of the nature of a family name. Haedo, Marmol, and H[=a]jji Khal[=i]fa
all give him this title, though his beard was auburn, while Ur[=u]j was
the true "Red-Beard." Neither of the brothers was ever called
Barbarossa by Turks or Moors, and H[=a]jji Khal[=i]fa records the title
merely as used by Europeans. The popular usage is here adopted.

[11] Morgan, 264-6.

[12] Jurien de la Graviere, _Doria et Barberousse_, Pt. I., ch. xxi.

VI.

THE OTTOMAN NAVY.

1470-1522.

No one appreciated better the triumphs of the Beglerbeg of Algiers
than Sultan Suleym[=a]n. The Ottomans, as yet inexperienced in naval
affairs, were eager to take lessons. The Turkish navy had been of slow
growth, chiefly because in early days there were always people ready
to act as sailors for pay. When Mur[=a]d I. wished to cross from Asia
to Europe to meet the invading army of Vladislaus and Hunyady, the
Genoese skippers were happy to carry over his men for a ducat a head,
just to spite their immemorial foes the Venetians, who were enlisted
on the other side. It was not till the fall of Constantinople gave the
Turks the command of the Bosphorus that Mohammed II. resolved to
create for himself a naval power.

That fatal jealousy between the Christian States which so often aided
the progress of the Turks helped them now. The great commercial
republics, Genoa and Venice, had long been struggling for supremacy on
the sea. Venice held many important posts among the islands of the
Archipelago and on the Syrian coast, wh