y
have continued to be the figureheads of the French Protectorate--but
his people were not so easily subdued. The southern provinces of Tunis
broke into open revolt, and for a time there ensued a period of
hopeless anarchy, which the French authorities made no effort to
control. At last they bestirred themselves, and to some purpose. Sfax
was mercilessly bombarded and _sacked_, houses were blown up with
their inhabitants inside them, and a positive reign of terror was
inaugurated, in which mutual reprisals, massacres, and executions
heightened the horrors of war. The whole country outside the fortified
posts became the theatre of bloodshed, robbery, and anarchy. It was
the history of Algiers _in petto_. Things have slowly improved since
then, especially since M. Roustan's recall; doubtless in time Tunis
will be as subdued and as docile as Algiers; and meanwhile France is
developing the resources of the land, and opening out one of the
finest harbours in existence. Yet M. Henri de Rochefort did not,
perhaps, exaggerate when he wrote: "We compared the Tunisian
expedition to an ordinary fraud. We were mistaken. The Tunis business
is a robbery aggravated by murder." The "Algerian business" was of a
similar character. _Qui commence bien finit bien_, assumes Admiral
Jurien de la Graviere in his chapter entitled "Gallia Victrix." If the
history of France in Africa ends in bringing the southern borderlands
of the Mediterranean, the old haunts of the Barbary Corsairs, within
the pale of civilization, it may some day be possible to bury the
unhappy past, and inscribe upon the tombstone the optimistic motto:
_Finis coronat opus._

FOOTNOTES:

[93] See the graphic journal of the British Consul-General, R. W. St.
John, published in Sir R. Lambert Playfair's _Scourge of Christendom_,
pp. 310-322.

[94] For a full account of this scandalous proceeding, see Mr. A. M.
Broadley's _Tunis, Past and Present_.

THE END.

INDEX.

A

'Abd-el-K[=a]dir, 305-6

'Abd-el-Melik. Khalif, 7

'Abd-er-Rahm[=a]n, 7

Acre, 62

Acton, Chevalier, 191

Aden, 98

Aegina, 97

"Africa" (Mahd[=i]ya), Siege of, 128-133;
(Illustr.) 129;
taken by Dragut, 133;
retaken by Doria, 134.

Aghlab[=i]s, 7, 21

Aix-la-Chapelle, Congress, 4, 299

Alghero, 62

Algiers, 8;
taken by D. Pedro Navarro, 13;
orthography, 13 _n._, 16, 19;
occupied by Ur[=u]j Barbarossa, 46;
ruled by Kheyr-ed-d[=i]n, 54;
Hasan Aga, viceroy,