t 2000 yen; that of Ito[u]
Kwaiba, mentioned later, at 13,000 yen. The great _daimyo[u]_ with
incomes running into the hundreds of thousands of _koku_ were princes
administering part of the public domain, with armies and an elaborate
civil service to support. Even a _hatamoto_ (minor _daimyo[u]_,
immediate vassals of the sho[u]gun) of 10,000 _koku_, such as Yagyu[u]
Tajima no Kami had a large train at his Edo _yashiki_ and at his fief.
The Date House of Sendai, or the Maeda of Kaga, Etchu[u], and Echizen,
are examples of the greater To[u]zama, or lords independent in the
administration of their fiefs. Labour, it is to be added, was cheap
compared to food values. Taxes were heavy--ranging from 30 to 70 per
cent. The middleman took his high fee. Yet sumptuary laws were necessary
to prevent extravagance among the farming class. Some of them were rich
men, especially in the better administered Tokugawa fiefs. The public
works required of the _daimyo[u]_--especially the To[u]zama--prevented a
dangerous accumulation of resources, and sometimes almost ruined his
subjects. Accurate measurements of income are not available. The _koku_
of _daimyo[u]_ income has been placed as high as ten bushels. The
present-day _koku_ equals 5.13 bushels. The price of rice ranges between
15-20 yen per _koku_.

[16] The title for all men of learning and professional attainments. The
great medical doctor is "Sensei," the doctor of literature is
"Sensei"--and the charlatan who peddles charms by the highway is
"Sensei"--teacher.

[17] A technical social expression--"I trouble you" or "with highest
respect and consideration." Satuma = Satsuma-Jo[u]fu, the grass cloth of
fine quality woven and dyed in Loo-choo; narrow swords; all this
(Momogawa) is an example of the earnest study the _ko[u]dan_ lecturers
make of their subject. These delightful little expositions of dress and
manner are frequent.

[18] _Rusu_ or _rusuban_ = caretaker in the owner's absence. As often as
not the wife is so regarded by the Japanese husband.

[19] Reiganji, the great temple giving the name to the Reigan district
of Fukagawa, is one of the many temples there found. The Jo[u]shinji is
close by.

[20] A complicated checkers-chess like game.

[21] There are nine of these stages of skill.

[22] 5.13 bushel. Income of the _samurai_ classes were so measured.

[23] _Kyara_ = nut gall, in Momogawa's _ko[u]dan_. From the marriage to
the expulsion of O'Iwa his treatment of