ad two times, when the buds are
swelling and when the plums are the size of green peas.

The President: How much?

Mr. Stakman: I would rather leave that to Professor Ruggles. We used
from 2-1/2 to 3 pounds and Mr. Ruggles, I think, found 2-1/2 pounds was
enough.

The President: That is, 2-1/2 pounds to 50 gallons of water with the
other ingredients?

Mr. Stakman: Yes.

Mr. Dyer: I would like to ask if you have ever used arsenate of lead for
spraying plums?

Mr. Stakman: In the experiments which we conducted in co-operation with
Mr. Ruggles, of the Division of Entomology, we always used arsenate of
lead in the first two sprayings to kill the curculio.

Mr. Dyer: I had quite an experience, so I want to know what your
experience was.

Mr. Stakman: We never had any trouble with it.

Mr. Dyer: I have had an experience of thirty years, and I have never
seen or had on my place any brown rot, and I never was troubled with any
curculio, and I practically always used arsenate of lead.

Mr. Cashman: Isn't it a fact if you begin spraying your plum trees when
they are young and spray them early, at the right time, you have very
little trouble with the brown rot? And spray them every year?

Mr. Stakman: Yes, that is it. You might be disappointed the first year
if the orchard had never been sprayed, but by spraying year after year
you finally cut it down.

Mr. Cashman: You said a pressure of 200 pounds ought to be used?

Mr. Stakman: Yes, but it isn't necessary to get an expensive power
sprayer to keep up that pressure. There are sprayers on the market that
cost from $30 to $40 which have a pressure tank by which the pressure
can be maintained at from 175 to 250 pounds without any great amount of
trouble, that is, for a small orchard. If you have a big enough orchard
for a power sprayer, of course get it.

Mr. M'Clelland: This summer my plum trees, the leaves all turned brown
and came off. What is the reason?

Mr. Stakman: When did it happen?

Mr. M'Clelland: Along in August, I think; July or August.

Mr. Stakman: What kind of soil were they on?

Mr. M'Clelland: Clay.

Mr. Stakman: Did you spray?

Mr. M'Clelland: Yes, sir, I sprayed.

Mr. Stakman: What did you use?

Mr. M'Clelland: Lime-sulphur, I think.

Mr. Stakman: Did the whole leaf turn brown?

Mr. M'Clelland: Yes, sir, the whole leaf turned brown and came off.

Mr. Stakman: How strong did you use the lime-sulphur?

Mr. M'Clelland: Not very str