affected ones should be cut out.

Mr. Richardson: Yes, but these didn't bear any for four or five years,
and when we got the right kind of weather I got good plums.

Mr. Norwood: My experience is something like this man's. I have had my
plums killed off as many as five years with the plum pocket and then had
a good crop of plums. I sprayed with lime-sulphur.

Mr. Stakman: When did you spray?

Mr. Norwood: I spray just before the buds open.

Mr. Stakman: The flower or leaf?

Mr. Norwood: Flower, and then I spray when the plums are well started,
just before they begin to ripen.

Mr. Stakman: Were you spraying for the pocket or brown rot?

Mr. Norwood: I used lime-sulphur and arsenate of lime.

Mr. Stakman: Of course, spraying after buds open wouldn't do any good
for the plum pockets at all.

Mr. Norwood: I spray mainly for the brown rot, and I have pretty good
luck.

Mr. Cashman: Have you had any experience in using orchard heaters to
save plums in cold nights?

Mr. Stakman: I will ask Mr. Cady to answer that.

Mr. Cady: No, I haven't tried to use them.

Mr. Cashman: We tried it this year, and we saved our plum crop. We have
tried it the last four years and saved our plum crop each year. We also
sprayed each year and had a very good crop of plums when neighbors who
had not sprayed had very few, and I am satisfied if we use the proper
ingredients and spray properly at the right time, and occasionally use
an orchard heater when there is any danger of freezing, that we will
raise a good crop of most any plum that is hardy enough for this
climate.

A Member: What kind of heaters do you use?

Mr. Cashman: We use oil heaters. We use crude oil, the same oil we use
in our tractor engine.

A Member: Where do you buy your heaters?

Mr. Cashman: We have them made at the hardware store, of sheet iron,
with a cover. We put about two gallons of oil in this heater. There is a
small piece of waste that is used as a wick, which we light from a
torch. It will heat quite a large space sufficiently for two or three
hours and prevent frost.

Mrs. Glenzke: Do you put a canvas over the tree or leave it uncovered?

Mr. Cashman: We do not put anything over the tree.

Mr. Stakman: What does your oil cost?

Mr. Cashman: About eight or nine cents a gallon.

Prof. Hansen: Just a thought occurred to me that out west on the Pacific
coast where men have to get down to business in order to raise fruit
they have these hortic