and claim shall
be signed by the inventor and attested by two witnesses.

It is also required by law that when "The case admits of drawings," it
shall be properly illustrated; and also, if the Commissioner requires
it, that a model shall be furnished in cases capable of such
demonstration.

The cost of obtaining Letters Patent in ordinary cases is: First,
Government fees, $15; counsel fees, including drawings, $25; second, or
final Government fees, to be paid within six months from date of
allowance, $20; total, $60.

DESIGNS.--A design patent can be obtained for novelties in the shape of
configuration of articles, or impressions by any means whatever. These
patents are of great value to the trade.

The Government fees for a design patent are:

On filing every application for a design patent $10.00
On issuing a design patent for 3-1/2 years no further charge.
On issuing a design patent for 7 years 5.00
On issuing a design patent for 14 years 20.00

CAVEATS.--A caveat is a confidential communication used in the Patent
Office, and it consists of a specification, drawings, oath and
petition. The specification must contain a clear description of the
intended invention.

HOW A COPYRIGHT IS SECURED.--The method by which a copyright is
obtained under the revised acts of Congress is as simple and
inexpensive as can be reasonably asked. All unnecessary red tape is
dispensed with, and the cost to the author who is seeking thus to
protect himself in the enjoyment of the profits of his work, is so
small as to be scarcely appreciable. This is an example of cheapness
and directness toward which all branches of public administration
should tend, if a government is to fulfill its proper mission of
serving the people without needlessly taxing them. Directions have
lately been issued for the guidance of persons wishing to obtain
copyrights; and, as many of our readers may not be conversant with the
subject, we give a brief abstract of the process.

The first thing necessary is to send a printed copy of the title of the
work, plainly directed to "Librarian of Congress, Washington, D.C."
The copyright law applies not only to books, pamphlets and newspapers,
but also to maps, charts, photographs, paintings, drawings, music,
statuary, etc. If there is a title page, send that; if not, a title
must be printed expressly for the purpose, and in both cases the name
of