fts. The
value of this work is not in the product--the shaft--but in its power
to arouse the inventive spirit, to call forth free activity, and to
yield an experience which lies at the basis of a great variety of
subjects.

_Reference_: Katharine E. Dopp, _The Place of Industries in Elementary
Education_, pp. 133, 140, 145.

_Lesson VI._ In most places throughout the United States there is some
one who has a small collection of Indian arrows. If the children can
see some of these arrows or other flint implements, it will add
greatly to their interest in this subject. In places where flint can
be found, the children should collect specimens and experiment in
chipping and flaking off small pieces. Where no flint is to be found,
it is possible to get good specimens by exchanging materials with
children in other localities.

_References_: Katharine E. Dopp, _The Place of Industries in
Elementary Education_, pp. 72, 138-140.

_Lessons VII and VIII._ The habit horses have of pawing the ground is
thought to be a survival of the ancient habit of pawing snow away from
the grass. The horses and reindeer stayed in the neighborhood of the
caves all through the winter, going to protected places only in times
of severe storms. The bison and wild cattle, on the contrary, went to
the lowland plains and forests at the close of summer, and returned
only after the snow had melted.

Since few children now have the opportunity to observe the bison, and
no child has the opportunity to see great herds, they must rely upon
books, pictures, and other symbols as sources for the necessary facts.
In bringing the sources of knowledge to the children, the teacher
should remember that the modern European bison, which is a descendant
of the aurochs of Pleistocene times, the species of bison we are
considering, is smaller than the ancient form. The Pleistocene bison
of Europe was similar to the American type that lived in the
woodlands.

Although the teacher should make use of available materials in
supplying herself with information regarding the bison, the following
summary is presented, especially for those who do not have access to
public libraries.

The bison are naturally shy, avoiding the presence of man; they have a
keen sense of smell, and hence man has difficulty in approaching a
herd, except from the leeward side. They have little intelligence, are
sluggish and timid, rarely attacking man or beast, except when wounded
or in self-d