:

"Our efforts, ever since we began to realize the workman's point
of view, have been not to take responsibility from him. It is our
plan to increase his responsibility and we feel that it is our
duty to teach him to exercise his reasoning power and intelligence
to its fullest extent. There is _no advantage gained by
stimulating a man's reasoning power, and through this means his
creative faculty, if the management relieves the man of the
responsibility for each individual operation_. The opportunity
for self expression, which is synonymous with joy in work, is
something that the workman is entitled to, and we employers who
feel that management is to become a true science must begin to
think less of the science of material things and think more of
the science of human relationships. Our industries must become
_humanized_, otherwise there will be no relief from the present
state of unrest in the industries of the world.

"In this connection it might be well to observe that our
experience in the pulp industry has been that instructions which
go _too much into detail_ tend to deaden interest in the work. We
realize fully the value of sufficient instructions to get uniform
results, but we try to leave as much as possible to the judgment
of the individual operator, making our instructions take more
the form of constant _teaching of principles_ involved in the
operation than of definite _fixed rules_ of procedure. It is
necessary to produce a desire in the heart of the workman to do
good work. No amount of coercion will enlist him thoroughly in the
service.

"The new efficiency is going to reckon a great deal more with the
needs of the individual man; but in order to do this, it must have
some philosophical conception of the reason for man's existence.
_It is beginning to be understood that when we deny to vast
numbers of individuals the opportunity to do creative work, we are
violating a great universal law_."

Scientific management is sacrificing educational opportunity latent
in the realization of workmanship standards in the same way that
machinery sacrificed it. They both curtail the workers' chance to
discover first-hand what the processes of fabrication are, the
processes in which they are involved; they must adopt ready-made
methods of doing their work, they must accept them out of hand