s 10 pounds in weight and is
practically ready for removal.

Before placing the yarn in the machine, several hanks are twisted
together to form a knot, and these "knots" comprise the individual
members of the bundle shown in the illustration.

In the sides of the yarn-box there are four divisions, through which
are threaded as many strings, upon which may be placed cardboard backs.
Then the knots of yarn are neatly placed upon the strings, and the
cardboard and the strong top bars of the press securely fastened down.
Certain cams and levers are then set in motion, by which the yarn table
is slowly and powerfully raised so as to press the yarn with great force
against the top bars. A sufficient pressure having been exerted, the
bundle is tied up and withdrawn from the press, only requiring to be
neatly wrapped in stout paper to be quite ready for transit purposes.

=Sewing Thread.=--A very large quantity of spun yarn is subsequently made
into sewing thread. It is a fact well known to practical men that we
have no means in cotton spinning by which a thread can be spun directly
of sufficient strength to be used as sewing thread. For instance,
suppose we wanted a 12's sewing thread, _i.e._, a thread containing 12
hanks in one pound of yarn; it would be practically impossible to spin a
thread sufficiently good to meet the requirements of the case. The
method generally adopted is to spin a much finer yarn and to make the
finished thread by doubling several of the fine spun yarns together in
order to form the thicker final thread. For instance, to produce a 12's
thread it is probable that 4 threads of single 48's would be doubled
together, or say 4 threads of 50's, to allow for the slight contraction
of the yarn brought about by twisting the single threads round one
another.

In order to perform this doubling operation in an efficient manner for
the production of thread, it is usual to employ two machines.

The first of these is shown in the illustration, and is termed the quick
traverse winding machine. Here the cops from the mule, or the bobbins
from the ring frame, are fitted in a suitable creel, as shown clearly at
the front and lower part of our illustration. Each thread of yarn is
conducted over a flannel-covered board which cleans the yarn and keeps
it tight. Then each thread passes through the eye of a small detector
wire which is held up by the thread and forms part of an automatic stop
motion which stops the r