less "fancy" description, it is
often required that the spun yarns shall be bleached and dyed before
using, and to perform one or both of these operations efficiently, it is
usual to reduce the yarn into proper condition by the processes of
"reeling" and "bundling," although in comparatively few instances yarn
is dyed in the cop form, while in a few other cases the raw cotton is
dyed before being subjected to the processes of cotton spinning.

"Reeling" and "Bundling" are operations which are frequently necessary
for other purposes besides those above alluded to, and may therefore be
more fully described, as they often form part of the equipment of a
spinning mill, and yarn is frequently sent away from the spinning mill
in bundle form.

=Reeling.=--This is a simple but very extensively adopted process, in
which yarn is wound from cops, bobbins or spools into hanks. It may be
explained here that a cotton hank consists of 840 yards, and is made up
of 7 leas of 120 yards each, while on a reel each lea is made up of 80
threads, a thread being 54 inches and equalling the circumference of the
reel. Perhaps the most common size of reel contains at one time 40
spindles, and is capable therefore of winding 40 hanks of yarn
simultaneously. The photograph in Fig. 34 shows a number of reels fitted
for winding hanks from cops formed upon the mule.

The cops being put on the skewers, the end of yarn from each is attached
to the reel or "swift" ready for starting. These reels may be arranged
so as to be operated from shafting by mechanical power, or by the hand
of the attendants.

Image: FIG. 34.--Reeling machine.

Reeling is performed by women, and in our photo the attendant is seen in
the actual operation of reeling.

A hank of yarn having been taken from each cop, the reel is stopped and
closed up so as to allow of the ready withdrawal of the hanks.

=Bundling Machine.=--The Bundling press is solely intended to assist in
the making up of the hanks of yarn into a form suitable for ready and
convenient transit. In order to exercise a sufficient pressure upon the
yarn to make a compact bundle, it is necessary for the framing to be of
a very strong character, as will be especially noticed in Fig. 35.

Image: FIG. 35.--Bundling machine.

The bundles of yarn made up on the bundling machine are usually 5 to 10
pounds weight, the latter being by far the more common size. The bundle
shown in the yarn-box of our illustration i