ficient in the case of others. Moreover, all classes certainly do
not so condemn him, or do they look upon him in quite the same light. By
the Parsees, for instance, he is not regarded as wholly unclean. Many of
them keep English-bred dogs, as also do some of the more Europeanised
natives of other classes, treating them much as we do, though this is
still uncommon. Hindus of good class and Mahomedans are found generally
to avoid them; but here again many Hindus, and such a caste as Sweepers,
will touch a dog without considering themselves defiled, just as a
Mahomedan will often hold or take charge of a dog, though he be careful
not to do so by the chain, or leather lead, but by slipping his _jharan_,
or cloth, through the dog's collar, and handling him that way. In many
Mahomedan villages the dog is found in numbers, the inhabitants being
glad of his services in shepherding their goats, though condemning him to
live outside the house, even though there be likelihood of his being
carried off by a prowling leopard.

In certain directions, therefore, the dog is seen to be at least
tolerated. But there remains one other remarkable fact to be noted. No
one can have travelled in the East, especially in Turkey, without
remarking the way in which the dog is generally regarded. Yet, in spite
of this, he is all the while certainly classed as supernatural, and by no
less an authority than the Koran. His uncleanness must be recognised;
but, on the other hand, how are his fidelity and courage to be
overlooked? They cannot be. And so this unclean animal, from whom men
shrink, lest by chance their garments touch him as they pass, is given,
as already related, a position in Mahomed's paradise, and, because of his
character, is deemed worthy a special place in that land of supreme
bliss. There is a chance, then, for the outcast here.

* * * * *

It is time to look at the dog himself a little closer, and see what
characteristics he can bring forward in support of hopes that many human
beings entertain on his behalf.

Here is a dumb animal that, long before the dawn of history, is known to
have been man's close companion. Step by step, we see him advancing with
those to whom he is linked, until he raises himself immeasurably above
all other animals, and takes his place pre-eminently as the friend of
man. No one of those from whom he originally sprang was known to bark,
and no wild species doe