neal yards
Trenches 14,210 yards
Topography--total copies of maps and designs 109,145
Topography--plane table road traverses 1,200 miles

In connection with their mapping work engineers took many pictures,
several of which are included in this volume. All the mapping work of
the expedition was done by the American engineers. See the one in this
volume.

The longest bridge constructed was the 280-foot wooden bridge which
spanned the Emtsa River. At Verst 445, close to No Man's Land, a
sixty-foot crib bridge was constructed by Lieut. W. C. Giffels. This
work was completed in two nights and was entirely finished before the
enemy knew that an advance was anticipated. Not a single spike or bolt
was driven on the job. Railway spikes were driven into the ties behind
our own lines and ties carried up and placed. Finally the rails were
forced in under the heads of the spikes and were permanently fastened.

In this district there are three types of road--mail roads, winter
roads, and trails. The mail roads are cleared about eighty feet wide
through the woods. An attempt has been made at surfacing and ditching,
and the bad places corduroyed. The winter roads are cleared about twenty
feet wide. Wherever possible they go through forestry clearings, swamps
and lakes, or down rivers. For this reason they can only be used after a
solid freeze-up. The trails are only cleared about six feet wide and are
often impassable for a horse and sleigh. Approximately four and one-half
miles of road have been corduroyed by this regiment, and a considerable
part of the front line roads were drained.

This battalion was called upon for a great diversity of work, which it
would have been impossible to do had not the men been carefully selected
in the United States. Company "C" was called upon to help operate the
Archangel power plant and street railway system the day they arrived.
This they were able to do very successfully.

Shortly afterwards they raised and spliced a submerged power cable, used
for conducting electricity under the river; one platoon was on railroad
maintenance and construction work; and one platoon operated the saw
mill. All the companies have been in action and have done construction
work under fire.

Two main features have governed all our construction work; first, the
large supply of timber, and second, the very cold climate. All of our
barracks, washhouses, latrines, blockhous