ate. Author of _Life of Napoleon I._; _Napoleonic
Studies_; _The Development of the European Nations_; _The Life of
Pitt_; chapters in the _Cambridge Modern History_.

Cambaceres.

J. M'D.
JAMES MACDONALD, M.A., LL.D.
Vice-President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland,
1895-1897. Rhind Lecturer on Archaeology, 1897. Author of _Tituli
Hunteriani: an Account of the Roman Stones in the Hunterian
Museum_.

Chalmers, George.

J. P.-B.
JAMES GEORGE JOSEPH PENDEREL-BRODHURST.
Editor of the _Guardian_ (London).

Chair.

J. P. E.
JEAN PAUL HIPPOLYTE EMMANUEL ADHEMAR ESMEIN.
Professor of Law in the University of Paris. Officer of the Legion
of Honour. Member of the Institute of France. Author of _Cours
elementaire d'histoire du droit francais_; &c.

Chatelet.

J. R. C.
JOSEPH ROGERSON COTTER, M.A.
Assistant to the Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy,
Trinity College, Dublin. Editor of 2nd edition of Preston's
_Theory of Heat_.

Calorescence.

J. S. F.
JOHN SMITH FLETT, D.SC., F.G.S.
Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on
Petrology in Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby Medallist of the Geological Society
of London.

Charnockite.

J. T. Be.
JOHN T. BEALBY.
Joint author of Stanford's _Europe_. Formerly editor of the
_Scottish Geographical Magazine_. Translator of Sven Hedin's
_Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet_; &c.

Caspian Sea (_in part_);
Caucasia;
Caucasus (_in part_).

J. T. C.
JOSEPH THOMAS CUNNINGHAM, M.A., F.Z.S.
Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London.
Formerly Assistant Professor of Natural History in the University
of Edinburgh. Naturalist to the Marine Biological Association, and
Fellow of University College, Oxford. Author of numerous papers in
scientific journals.

Cephalopoda.

J. Wa.
MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES WATERHOUSE.
Indian Staff Corps. Vice-President of the Royal Photographic
Society. Assistant Surveyor-General in charge of Photographic
Operations in the Surveyor-General's Office, Calcutta, 1866-1897.
Took part in the observation of total eclipses, 1871 and 1875, and
of transit of Venus, 1874. President of the Asi