et les filles de
leur mere.

Dr. P. Gregg, of Rock Island, Illinois, has been kind enough to forward
to the writer an interesting work by J. V. Spencer,[43] containing
annotations by himself. He gives the following account of surface and
partial surface burial occurring among the Sacs and Foxes formerly
inhabiting Illinois:

Black Hawk was placed upon the ground in a sitting posture, his
hands grasping his cane. They usually made a shallow hole in the
ground, setting the body in up to the waist, so the most of the body
was above ground. The part above ground was then covered by a
buffalo robe, and a trench about eight feet square was then dug
about the grave. In this trench they set picketing about eight feet
high, which secured the grave against wild animals. When I first
came here there were quite a number of these high picketings still
standing where their chiefs had been buried, and the body of a chief
was disposed of in this way while I lived near their village. The
common mode of burial was to dig a shallow grave, wrap the body in a
blanket, place it in the grave, and fill it nearly full of dirt;
then take split sticks about three feet long and stand them in the
grave so that their tops would come together in the form of a roof;
then they filled in more earth so as to hold the sticks in place.
I saw a father and mother start out alone to bury their child about
a year old; they carried it by tieing it up in a blanket and putting
a long stick through the blanket, each taking an end of the stick.

[Illustration: FIG. 8.--Grave Pen.]

[Illustration: FIG. 9.--Grave Pen.]

I have also seen the dead bodies placed in trees. This is done by
digging a trough out of a log, placing the body in it, and covering
it. I have seen several bodies in one tree. I think when they are
disposed of in this way it is by special request, as I knew of an
Indian woman who lived with a white family who desired her body
placed in a tree, which was accordingly done.[44*] Doubtless there
was some peculiar superstition attached to this mode, though I do
not remember to have heard what it was.

Judge H. Welch[45] states that "the Sauks, Foxes, and Pottawatomies
buried by setting the body on the ground and building a pen around it of
sticks or logs. I think the bodies lay heads to the east." And C. C.
Baldwin, of Cleveland, Ohio, sends a more detailed account, as follows:

I