rted with _sugar_ breath."

"Base _dog!_ why shouldst thou stand here?"

_Personification is a figure that ascribes to inanimate things,
abstract ideas, and the lower animals the attributes of human beings._
It is plain that there must be some resemblance of the lower to the
higher, else this figure could not be used. Personification, like the
epithet, is a modification of the metaphor. Indeed, in every
personification there is also a metaphor.

"When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees
And they did make no noise."

"But ever heaves and moans the restless Deep."

_Apostrophe is an address to the dead as if living; to abstract ideas
or inanimate objects as if they were persons._ It is a variety of
personification.

"O Caledonia! stern and wild,
Meet nurse for a poetic child!"

"Wee, modest, crimson-tipped flower,
Thou's met me in an evil hour;
For I maun crush amang the stoure
Thy slender stem."

"Milton! thou shouldst be living at this hour."

_Allegory is a narrative in which material things and circumstances
are used to illustrate and enforce high spiritual truths._ It is a
continued personification. Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" and Spenser's
"Faerie Queene" are good examples of allegory.

All these figures are varieties of metaphor. In them there is always
an implied, not an expressed, comparison.

_A simile is an expressed comparison between unlike things that have
some common quality._ This comparison is usually indicated by _like_
or _as._

"Ilbrahim was like a domesticated sunbeam, brightening moody
countenances, and chasing away the gloom from the dark
corners of the cottage."

(Does this figure change to another in its course?)

"How far that little candle throws its beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world."

Of retired Dutch valleys, Irving wrote:--

"They are like those little nooks of still water which
border a rapid stream; where we may see the straw and bubble
riding quietly at anchor, or slowly revolving in their mimic
harbor, undisturbed by the rush of the passing current."

Figures based upon Sentence Structure.

There are a number of figures that express emotion by simply changing
the normal order of the sentence. Among these are inversion,
exclamation, interrogation, climax, and irony.

_Inversion is a figure intended to give emphasis to the thought