anting of copyright, and the United States may, by the terms of that
agreement, become a party thereto. After copyright has been secured by
publication of a work, two complete copies of the best edition
published must be "promptly" deposited in the copyright office, or
mailed to the register of copyrights, the postmaster, on request,
giving a receipt and mailing the books without cost. If the work be a
contribution to a periodical, one copy of the issue containing it must
be sent, or if it be a work not reproduced in copies for sale, a copy,
print, photograph or other identifying reproduction must accompany the
claim. Prior to 1891 the works of authors could be put into print on
either side of the Atlantic. The act of 1891 laid down that, in order
to secure copyright, all editions of the works of all authors,
resident or non-resident, must be entirely manufactured within the
United States, the term "manufactured" including the setting of type
as well as printing and binding. This manufacturing condition was
insisted on by the typographical unions. There is no logical
connexion, however, between the right of an author or artist to the
control of his production and the interests of American workmen; the
attempt to legislate for them jointly must bring about no little
confusion and inequity. If American working-men cannot secure a living
in competition with labourers on the other side of the Atlantic, their
needs should be cared for under the provisions of the protective
tariff. It is, however, the belief of a large number of those who are
engaged in the manufacturing of books that, with his advanced methods
of work, the skilled American labourer has no reason to dread the
competition of European craftsmen. With this manufacturing condition
out of the way, there would be nothing to prevent the United States
from becoming a party to the Bern Convention. This would place
intellectual property on both sides of the Atlantic on the same
footing. The power of the unions was sufficiently strong to prevent
this condition being eliminated from the act of 1909, but the just
claims were met of authors whose books are originally produced in some
language other than English, the "original text of a book of foreign
origin in a language or languages other than English" being exempted
from the requirements as to type-setting in the United States. On the
other hand the man