apital, and at the
approach of the financial crisis of 1873 it was forced to suspend. By
1880 Cooke had discharged all his obligations, and through an
investment in a silver mine in Utah had again become wealthy. He died at
Ogontz, Pennsylvania, on the 18th of February 1905. Cooke was noted for
his piety, and gave regularly a tenth of his income for religious and
charitable purposes. His handsome estate at Ogontz, which he had been
compelled to give up during his bankruptcy, he later repurchased and
converted into a school for girls.

See E. P. Oberholtzer, _Jay Cooke, Financier of the Civil War_
(Philadelphia, 1907).

COOKE, ROSE TERRY (1827-1892), American writer, _nee_ Terry, was born at
West Hartford, Connecticut, on the 17th of February 1827. She published
in 1860 a volume of _Poems_, but after her marriage in 1873 to Rollin H.
Cooke she was best known for her fresh and humorous stories, though in
1888 she published more verse in her _Complete Poems_. The chief volumes
of fiction dealing mainly with New England country life, produced by
Rose Terry Cooke, were _Happy Dodd_ (1878), _Somebody's Neighbors_
(1881), _Root-bound_ (1885), _The Sphinx's Children_ (1886), _Steadfast_
(1889) and _Huckleberries_ (1891). She died at Pittsfield,
Massachusetts, on the 18th of July 1892.

COOKERY (Lat. _coquus_, a cook), the art of preparing and dressing food
of all sorts for human consumption, of converting the raw materials, by
the application of heat or otherwise, into a digestible and pleasing
condition, and generally ministering to the satisfaction of the appetite
and the delight of the palate. We may take it that some form of cookery
has existed from the earliest times, and its progress has been from the
simple to the elaborate, dominated partly by the foods accessible to
man, partly by the stage of civilization he has attained, and partly by
the appliances at his command for the purpose either of treating the
food, or of consuming it when served.

The developed art of cookery is necessarily a late addition--if it may
be considered to be included at all--to the list of "fine arts."
Originally it is a purely industrial and useful art. Man, says a French
writer, was born a roaster, and "_pour etre cuisinier, il a besoin de le
devenir._" The ancients were great eaters, but strangers to the subtler
refinements of the palate. The gods were supposed to love the smell of
fried meat, while their nectar and ambros