3.584

Note: Calculations for ages 0 to 13 were based on data for each
single year of age and then grouped for presentation.

... Not shown, because calculations were based on rates for
single years of age.

[a] To estimate the number expected to die at each year of age,
age-specific mortality rates(column 2) were multiplied by the number
of persons alive and not previously incarcerated (column 1).

[b] To estimate the number expected to go to prison at each year of
age, age-specific first admission rates (column 4) were multiplied
by the number of persons surviving (column 1 minus column 3).

[c] To estimate the surviving number of first admissions, the number
of first admissions from the x-th year of age (column 5) were added
to the number of surviving first admissions from the x-1 year of age.
Mortality rates for ex-prisoners by age were based on mortality rates
in the general population and adjusted to reflect higher ex-prisoner
mortality.

[d] To estimate the prevalence percent, this procedure was followed.
The surviving number of persons ever incarcerated (column 6) was
divided by the total number of surviving persons never incarcerated
(column 1 minus both columns 3 and 5) and persons ever incarcerated
(column 6), times 100%.

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_Limitations_

1. The data in this report are restricted to incarcerations in State or
Federal prison. Excluded are prior incarcerations in local jails and
juvenile facilities because of the lack of data needed to estimate the
number of first admissions to these forms of correctional supervision.

2. Estimates of the number of first admissions are subject to sampling
and nonsampling errors. Because the numbers of first admissions are
based on a sample rather than a complete enumeration, the estimated
number of first admissions may vary depending on the size of the
estimate and the base population for each demographic group.

Nonsampling error can be attributed to many sources, such as
nonresponse, differences in interpretation of questions, recall
difficulties, and processing errors. Among inmates, the number of first
admissions may be slightly overestimated because of underreporting of
criminal histories. The full extent of nonsampling error is unknown.

3. No comparable inmate survey was conducted prior 1974 to enable the
calculation of first incarceration