or was covered with maggots.]

Of course it is impossible for them to issue from this filth without
more or less of it clinging to their bodies. Now if these flies would
breed only in barn-yard manure and fly directly from the stable to the
house there would be comparatively little reason to complain, at least
from a sanitary standpoint, for the amount of barn-yard filth that they
carried to our food would be of little consequence. But when they breed
in privy vaults or similar places, or visit such places before coming
into the house or dairy or market place the results may be much more
serious.

FLIES AND TYPHOID

It has been abundantly demonstrated that the excrement or the urine of a
typhoid patient may contain virulent germs for some time before he is
aware that he has the disease, and it has been shown that the germs may
be present for weeks or months, and in some cases even years after the
patient has recovered. If a fly breeds in such infected material, or
feeds or walks on it, it is very apt to get some of the germs on its
body where they may retain their virulence for some time, and should it
visit our food while covered with these germs some of them would
probably be left there where they might produce serious results. More
than that. If the fly should feed on such infected material the typhoid
germs would go on developing in the intestine of the fly and would be
passed out with the feces in which they retain their virulence for some
days. In other words, the too familiar "fly-specks" are not only
disgusting, but may be a very grave source of danger. It will be seen
that in this way several members of a community might become infected
with the typhoid germs before anyone was aware that there was a case of
typhoid or a "bacillus carrier" in the neighborhood.

One more example out of the scores that might be cited to show how the
fly may carry typhoid germs. They may enter the sick chamber in the home
or in the hospital and there gain access to the typhoid germs. These
they may carry to other parts of the house or to near-by houses, or the
flies may light on passing carriages or cars and be carried perhaps for
miles before they enter another house and contaminate the food there.

These are hypothetical cases, but they illustrate what is taking place
hundreds of times every season all over the world wherever typhoid fever
and flies occur, and no country or race is known to be immune from
typhoid, and the