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l'ont ete du Reglement de 1899) pour etre mieux placee dans une convention nouvelle, ou d'autres textes viendraient la completer.' Ullmann, _Voelkerrecht_, 2nd ed. 1908, p. 474, says:-- 'Auch der Rechtsverkehr wird durch den Ausbruch des Krieges nicht unterbrochen oder gehemmt. Die nach Landesrecht frueher uebliche zeitweise Aufhebung der Klagbarkeit vom Schuldverbindlichkeiten des Staates oder eines Angehoerigen gegen Angehoerige des Feindes ist durch Artikel 23(h) untersagt.' Wehberg, _Das Beuterecht im Land- und Seekriege_, 1909, pp. 5 and 6 says:-- 'Article 46 Absatz 2 bestimmt:--"Das Privateigentum darf nicht eingezogen werden." In konsequenter Durchfuehrung dieses Satzes bestimmt der auf deutschen Antrag 1907 hinzugefuegte Article 23(h):--"Untersagt ist die Aufhebung oder zeitweilige Ausserkraftsetzung der Rechte und Forderungen von Angehoerigen der Gegenpartei oder der Ausschliessung ihrer Klagbarkeit."' Whittuck, _International Documents_, London 1908, Introduction p. xxvii, says--'In Article 23(h) it is prohibited to declare abolished, suspended or inadmissible in a court of law the rights and actions of the nationals of the other belligerent which is a development of the principle that the private property of the subjects of a belligerent is not subject to confiscation. This new prohibition if accepted by this country would necessitate some changes in our municipal law.' Holland, _The Laws of War on Land_, 1908, says on p. 5 that:--'Article 23(h) seems to require the Signatory Powers to the convention concerned to legislate for the abolition of an enemy's disability to sustain a _persona standi in judicio_.' (See also Holland, _loco citato_, p. 44, where he expresses his doubts concerning the interpretation of Article 23(h).) Bordwell, _The Law of War between Belligerents_, Chicago 1908, recognises on page 210 the fact that according to Article 23(h) an alien enemy must now be allowed to sue in the courts of a belligerent, and Gregory, Professor in the University of Iowa, who reviews Bordwell's work in the _American Journal of International Law_, Volume 3 (1909), page 788, takes up the same standpoint. The only author who interprets Article 23(h) in a different way is General Davis, who in his _Elements of International Law_, 3rd edition 1908, page 578, note 1, says:-- 'It is more than probable that this humane and commendable purpose would fail of accomplishment if a military commander
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