34

VI. The organisation of the desired new League of Nations
should start from the beginning made by the Hague Peace
Conferences, and the League should therefore include all the
independent civilised States 35

VII. The objection to the reception of the Central Powers,
and of Germany especially, into the League 36

VIII. The objection to the reception of the minor
transoceanic States into the League 38

IX. The seven principles which ought to be accepted with
regard to the organisation of the new League of Nations 39

X. The organisation of the League of Nations is not an end in
itself but only a means of attaining three objects, the first
of which is International Legislation. The meaning of the term
'International Legislation' in contradistinction to Municipal
Legislation. International Legislation in the past and in the
future 41

XI. The difficulty in the way of International Legislation on
account of the language question 43

XII. The difficulty created by the conflicting national
interests of the several States 44

XIII. The difficulty caused by the fact that International
Statutes cannot be created by a majority vote of the States.
The difference between universal and general International Law
offers a way out 44

XIV. The difficulty created by the fact that there are as yet
no universally recognised rules concerning interpretation and
construction of International Statutes and ordinary
Conventions. The notorious Article 23(h) of the Hague
Regulations concerning Land Warfare 45

_Appendix_: Correspondence with the Foreign Office respecting
the Interpretation of Article 23(h) of the Hague Regulations
concerning Land Warfare 48

THIRD LECTURE: ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE AND
MEDIATION WITHIN THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS 57

I. Administration of Justice within the League is a question
of International Courts, but it is incorrect to assert that
International Legislation necessitates the existence of
International Court