my desire that the young, who ought to be educated
in music as well as in other good arts, might have something to take the
place of worldly and amorous songs, and so learn something useful and
practise something virtuous, as becometh the young. I would be glad to
see all arts, and especially music, employed in the service of Him who
created them." Zwingle, Cranmer, Calvin, and Knox were also zealous
advocates of psalm-singing; and during the same century Tye, Tallis,
Bird, and Gibbons did a great work for ecclesiastical music in England.

At the time of the Reformation in England the Puritans proved themselves
zealous musical reformers. They reduced singing to the severest
simplicity. They had no sympathy with elaborate arrangements. Organs,
choir-books, and choir-singers were objects of their special antipathy.
One of these iconoclasts says: "This singing and saying of mass, matins,
or even-song is but roryng, howling, whisteling, mummying, conjuring and
jogelyng and the playing of orgayns a foolish vanitie." Latimer in 1537
notified the convent at Worcester: "Whenever there shall be any preaching
in your monastery all manner of singing and other ceremonies shall be
utterly laid aside." In 1562 it was proposed that the psalms should be
sung by the whole congregation, and that organs should be no longer used.
In the Confession of the Puritans (1571) they say: "Concerning the
singing of the psalms, we allow of the people's joining with one voice in
a plain tune, but not in tossing the psalms from one side to the other,
with intermingling of organs." An appeal was made to Parliament against
the singing of the noble cathedral music by "chanting choristers
disguised, as are all the rest, in white surplices, some in corner caps
and silly copes, imitating the fashion and manner of Antichrist the Pope,
that man of sin and child of perdition, with his other rabble of
miscreants and shavelings."

Sternhold, who was groom of the robes to Henry VIII. and afterwards groom
of the bed-chamber to Edward VI., was one of the most zealous of these
reformers. In connection with Hopkins, a clergyman and schoolmaster, he
versified a large number of the psalms and published them. They were
printed at first without music, but in 1562 they appeared with the notes
of the plain melody under the following title: "The whole Book of Psalms,
collected into English metre by T. Sternhold and J. Hopkins and others,
conferred with the Ebrue, with apt n