Soldiers.
Preliminary Proclamation.
Final Effects.
Mr. Lincoln's Difficulties.
Republican Opposition.
Abolitionist.
Democratic.
Copperhead.
Yet he is Re-elected.

CHAPTER XI. RECONSTRUCTION

Delicacy of the Task.
Reasons.
The Main Constitutional Question.
Different Views.
The Other Questions.
Answer.
Periods of Reconstruction.
During War.
President Lincoln.
Johnson.
His Policy.
Carried Out.
Congress Rips up his Work.
Why.
South's Attitude just after War.
Toward Negroes.
XIVth Amendment.
Rejected by Southern States.
Iron Law of 1867.
Carried through.
Antagonism between President Johnson and Congress.
Attempt to Impeach Johnson.
Fails.

PERIOD V

THE CEMENTED UNION

1868-1888

CHAPTER I. POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE LAST TWO DECADES

Grant's First Election.
His Work During Reconstruction.
Its Difficulty.
Bayonet Rule in the South.
The Force Act.
Danger to State Independence.
"Liberal Republican" Movement.
The Greeley Campaign, 1872.
Grant again Elected.
Fresh Turmoil at the South.
Culminates in Louisiana.
Blood Shed.
The Kellogg Government Sustained in that State.
A Solid South.
The Election of 1876.
In Doubt.
The Returns.
The Electoral Commission of 1877.
Hayes Seated.
The Electoral Count Act, 1886.
Hayes's Administration.
End of the Bayonet Regime.
Garfield's Nomination.
And Election.
And Assassination.
The Guiteau Trial.
Civil Service Reform.
Under Grant.
Under Hayes.
Need of it.
Credit Mobilier Scandal.
The Pendleton Act Passed.
Its Nature and Operation.
Recovery of Power by the Democracy.
Election of Cleveland.
The Civil Service.
Presidential Succession Act of 1886.
Its Necessity.
And Provisions.

CHAPTER II. THE TREATY OF WASHINGTON. 237

A Shining Instance of Peaceful International Methods.
Earlier Negotiations.
"ALABAMA CLAIMS" Insisted on.
A Joint Commission.
Its Personnel.
A Treaty Drafted and Ratified.
Its Provisions.
Northwest Boundary Question.
Minor Claims.
The Alabama Claims.
Geneva Tribunal.
Personnel.
No Pay for Indirect Losses.
Importance of the Case.
The Three Rules of the Washington Treaty.
Position of Great Britain Relative to These.
Their Meaning.
An Advance in International Law.
The Other Cruisers.
The Award.
Charles Francis Adams.
The Money Paid.
Its History.

CHAPTER III. THE FISHERIES DISPUTE.

Fishery Clause of the Treaty of 1783.
Value of the Rights it Conveyed.
Effect of War of 1812.
Convention of 1818.