e shouted,
"The South is avenged!" and made his escape.

The bullet had pierced the President's brain and rendered him
insensible. He was removed to a house near by, where he died next
morning. His body was taken to Springfield, Ill., for burial, and a
nation mourned above his grave, as no American since Washington had ever
been mourned for before. The South repudiated and deplored the foul
deed. Well it might, for, had Lincoln lived, much of its sorrow during
the next years would have been avoided.

Booth was only one of a band of conspirators who had intended also to
take off General Grant and the whole Cabinet. By a strange good fortune
Secretary Seward, sick in bed, was the only victim besides the
President. He was stabbed three times with a bowie-knife, but not
fatally. After a cunning flight and brave defence Booth was captured
near Port Royal, and killed. Of the other conspirators some were hanged,
some imprisoned.

The Confederacy collapsed. Johnston's army surrendered to Sherman on
April 26th. President Davis fled south. On May 10th he was captured in
Georgia, muffled in a lady's cloak and shawl, and became a prisoner at
Fortress Monroe. The war had called into military (land) service in the
two armies together hardly fewer than 4,000,000 men; 2,750,000, in round
numbers, on the Union side, and 1,250,000 on the other. The largest
number of northern soldiers in actual service at anyone time was
1,000,516, on May 1, 1865, 650,000 of them being able for duty. The
largest number of Confederate land forces in service at any time was
690,000, on January 1, 1863. The Union armies lost by death
304,369--44,238 of these being killed in battle, 49,205 dying of wounds.
Over 26,000 are known to have died in Confederate prisons.

CHAPTER IX.

THE WAR ON THE SEA

[1861]

Naval operations during the war fall into three great classes: Those
upon inland waters, the Mississippi especially; those along the coast;
and those upon the high seas. The first class has already been touched
upon in connection with the Mississippi campaigns. The naval work along
the coast and upon the high seas is the subject of the present chapter.
Only the more important features can be sketched. At the outbreak of the
Rebellion our navy was totally unprepared for war. Forty-two vessels
were in commission, but most of them were in distant seas or in southern
ports. The service was weak with secession sentiment. Between March and
July, 1861