. 5), Kovno (Aug. 17), Brest-Litovsk (Aug. 25), Vilna
(Sept. 18).

Aug. 19 British liner "Arabic" sunk by submarines (44 victims,
_two Americans_).

Aug. 21 Italy declares war on Turkey.

_Sept. 1 The German ambassador, von Bernstorff, gives assurance that
German submarines will sink no more liners without warning._

_Sept. 8 United States demands recall of Austro-Hungarian ambassador,
Dr. Dumba._

Sept. 25- French offensive in Champagne fails to break through German
Oct. lines.

Sept. 27 Small British progress at Loos, near Lens.

Oct. 4 Russian ultimatum to Bulgaria.

Oct. 5 Allied forces land at Salonica, at the invitation of the Greek
government.

_Oct. 5 German Government regrets and disavows sinking of "Arabic" and
is prepared to pay indemnities._

Oct. 6- Austro-German-Bulgarian conquest of Serbia; fall of Belgrade
Dec. 2 (Oct. 9), Nish (Nov. 1), Monastir (Dec. 2).

Oct. 13 Germans execute the English nurse, Edith Cavell, for aiding
Belgians to escape from Belgium.

Oct. 14 Bulgaria declares war on Serbia.

Oct. 15-19 Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy declare war against
Bulgaria.

Nov. 10-Apr. Russian forces advance into Persia as a result of pro-German
activities there.

Dec. 1 British under Gen. Townshend retreat from near Bagdad to
Kut-el-Amara.

_Dec. 3 United States Government demands recall of Capt. Boy-Ed and
Capt. von Papen, attaches of the German embassy._

Dec. 6 Germans capture Ipek, in Montenegro.

Dec. 15 Sir Douglas Haig succeeds Sir John French in command of the
British army in France.

Dec. 19 British forces withdraw from parts of Gallipoli peninsula.

1916

Jan. 8 Evacuation of Gallipoli completed.

Jan. 13 Fall of Cetinje, capital of Montenegro.

Feb. 10 Germany notifies neutral powers that armed merchant ships
will be treated as warships and will be sunk without warning.

_Feb. 15 Secretary Lansing states that by international law commercial
vessels have right to carry arms in self-defense._

_Feb. 16 Germany sends note acknowledging her liability in the
"Lusitania" affair._

Feb. 16 Russians take Erzerum, in