ed into force -- 2 October 1983

objective -- to preserve the marine environment through the complete
elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the
minimization of accidental discharge of such substances

parties -- (91) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia,
Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria,
Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire,
Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador,
Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany,
Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia,
Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Marshall Islands,
Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama,
Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,
South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Togo,
Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States,
Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

note -- abbreviated as Antarctic-Environmental Protocol

opened for signature -- 4 October 1991, but not yet in force

objective -- to enhance the protection of the Antarctic environment
and dependent and associated ecosystems

parties -- (14) Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, Ecuador, France,
Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Spain, Sweden,
Uruguay

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (27) Austria,
Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan,
North Korea, South Korea, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, South Africa, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary
Fluxes

note -- abbreviated as Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides

opened for signature -- 31 October 1988

entered into force -- 14 February 1991

objective -- to provide for the control or reduction of nitrogen
oxides and their transboundary fluxes

parties -- (25) Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic,
Denmark, European Un