ntries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-89), $6.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $17 million

Currency: 1 kina (K) = 100 toea

Exchange rates: kina (K) per US$1 - 0.8565 (December 1994), 0.9950
(1994), 1.0221 (1993), 1.0367 (1992), 1.0504 (1991), 1.0467 (1990);
note - the government floated the kina on 10 October 1994

Fiscal year: calendar year

@Papua New Guinea:Transportation

Railroads: 0 km

Highways:
total: 19,200 km
paved: 640 km
unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 10,960 km; unimproved
earth 7,600 km

Inland waterways: 10,940 km

Ports: Kieta, Lae, Madang, Port Moresby, Rabaul

Merchant marine:
total: 12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 22,565 GRT/27,071 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 3, combination ore/oil 5, container 1,
roll-on/roll-off 1

Airports:
total: 505
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5
with paved runways under 914 m: 411
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 12
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 63

@Papua New Guinea:Communications

Telephone system: more than 70,000 telephones (1987); services are
adequate and being improved; facilities provide radiobroadcast,
radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and
international radiocommunication services
local: NA
intercity: mostly radio telephone
international: submarine cables extend to Australia and Guam; 1
INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station; international radio
communication service

Radio:
broadcast stations: AM 31, FM 2, shortwave 0
radios: NA

Television:
broadcast stations: 2 (1987)
televisions: NA

@Papua New Guinea:Defense Forces

Branches: Papua New Guinea Defense Force (includes Army, Navy, and Air
Force)

Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,111,661; males fit for
military service 618,696 (1995 est.)

Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $55 million, 1.8% of
GDP (1993 est.)

________________________________________________________________________

PARACEL ISLANDS

@Paracel Islands:Geography

Location: Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the
South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to
the northern Philippines

Map references: Southeast Asia

Area:
total area: NA sq km
land area: NA sq km
comparative area: NA

Land boundaries: 0 km

Coast