nces of the people of the
Sakhi, Sarati, and Parikhia, sons of Gagu,* to ravage the marches of
the Greater Zab; but their territory was raided in return, and they
themselves taken prisoners.

* The name of Biriz-khadri has an Iranian appearance. The
first element _Biriz_ recalls the Zend _bereza, berez_,
"tall, large;" the second, which appears in the names Bisi-
khadir and Khali-khadri, is of uncertain derivation, and has
been connected with _atar_, "fire," or with _Ichwathra_,
"brilliance." Gagu, which is found as the name of a people
(Gagati) in the Tel-el-Amarna tablets, has been identified
from the first with the name of Gog, prince of Rosh,
Meshech, and Tubal (Ezek. xxxviii. 2, 3; xxxix.) The name
of the country of Sakhi, which has not been met with
elsewhere, has been compared with that of the Sacaj, which
seems to have existed not only in the name of the province
of Sakascno mentioned by the classical geographers, but in
that of Shake known to the old Armenian geographers; the
country itself, however, as it seems to me, cannot be sought
in the direction of Sakaseno, and consequently the proposed
identification cannot hold good.

A little later, Andaria, prince of Lubdi, forgetful of his oath of
allegiance to the aged Esarhad-don, made a night attack on the towns of
Kullimir and Ubbumi: the inhabitants armed in haste, and he was not
only defeated, but was taken captive, and his head cut off to be sent
to Nineveh. The garrisons and military colonies along the north-east
frontier were constantly required to be on the alert; but they usually
had sufficient available resources to meet any emergency, and the
enemies who molested them were rarely dangerous enough to necessitate
the mobilisation of a regular army.

This was not the case, however, in the south-west, where Tiumman,
counting on the military strength of Elam, made continual hostile
demonstrations. He was scarcely settled on his throne before he hastened
to form alliances with those Aramaean states which had so often invoked
the aid of his predecessors against the ancestors of Assur-bani-pal. The
Kalda rejected his proposals, as did most of the tribes of the littoral;
but the Gambula yielded to his solicitations, and their king, Dunanu,
son of Bel-ikisha, entered into an offensive and defensive alliance
with Elam. Their defection left the eastern frontier of Karduniash