ain.

Union with Scotland (October 23): Scotland to send
sixteen peers and forty-five Commoners to United
Houses of Parliament: Law and Church of Scotland
left untouched: privileges of trade and coinage to
be the same for both countries.

1708 Harley and St. John dismissed: Whigs came into power
(July 11). Oudenarde: Marlborough and Eugene
defeated Vendome: Lille secured. Bruges and
Ghent retaken by Allies.

Attempted landing in Scotland by the Pretender
prevented.

1709 Peace Conference at the Hague. Louis declined to
remove his grandson from the throne of Spain.

(September 11). Malplaquet: Marlborough and Eugene
defeated Villars.

Mons taken by the Allies.

Quarrel between the Queen and the Duchess of Marlborough.

Dr. Sacheverell's sermons.

1710 Peace proposals by Louis at Gertruydenberg rejected.

Dr. Sacheverell sentenced: Tory party greatly helped
thereby.

Battle of Almenara (Spain): French and Spanish
defeated by Stanhope.

Battle of Saragossa: French and Spanish defeated by
Stanhope.

Battle of Brihuega: Stanhope beaten by Vendome.

Battle of Villa Viciosa: General Staremberg defeated
by Vendome: Spain secured for Philip V.

Bouchain taken by Marlborough.

Fall of the Whigs.

General Post Office established.

St. Paul's Cathedral finished.

1711 All Whigs dismissed from office, and Tories alone to
form the Ministry, thus establishing the principle
that the members of the Cabinet should all be of
the same political party.

Duchess of Marlborough supplanted by Mrs. Masham.

Death of the Emperor Joseph, and accession of Archduke
Charles: no farther need now to continue
the war.

Tories determined to put an end to the war.

1712 Twelve new Tory peers created to destroy the Whig
majority which was in favour of continuing the war.

Marlborough deprived of his command: Ormonde to
succeed him.

Peace Conference at Utrecht.

Act against Occasional Conformity.

1713 (March 3). Treaty of Utrecht: Spain to Philip:
Minorca and Gibraltar to England: Spanish lands
in Italy and Netherlands to Emperor Charles: Sicily
to Savoy. Prussia made a kingdom.

1714 Quarrel between Harley and Bolingbroke: Ha