VI. ii. 34.

For the actual encounter under arms, the following inventions are
attributed to him. The soldier has a crimson-coloured uniform and a
heavy shield of bronze; his theory being that such an equipment has no
sort of feminine association, and is altogether most warrior-like. (4)
It is most quickly burnished; it is least readily soiled. (5)

(4) Cf. Aristoph. "Acharn." 320, and the note of the scholiast.

(5) See Ps. Plut. "Moral." 238 F.

He further permitted those who were above the age of early manhood to
wear their hair long. (6) For so, he conceived, they would appear
of larger stature, more free and indomitable, and of a more terrible
aspect.

(6) See Plut. "Lycurg." 22 (Clough, i. 114).

So furnished and accoutred, he divided his citizen soldiers into six
morai (7) (or regimental divisions) of cavalry (8) and heavy infantry.
Each of these citizen regiments (political divisions) has one polemarch
(9) (or colonel), four lochagoi (or captains of companies), eight
penteconters (or lieutenants, each in command of half a company), and
sixteen enomotarchs (or commanders of sections). At the word of command
any such regimental division can be formed readily either into enomoties
(i.e. single file) or into threes (i.e. three files abreast), or into
sixes (i.e. six files abreast). (10)

(7) The {mora}. Jowett, "Thuc." ii. 320, note to Thuc. v. 68, 3.

(8) See Plut. "Lycurg." 23 (Clough, i. 115); "Hell." VI. iv. 11; Thuc.
v. 67; Paus. IV. viii. 12.

(9) See Thuc. v. 66, 71.

(10) See Thuch. v. 68, and Arnold's note ad loc.; "Hell." VI. iv. 12;
"Anab." II. iv. 26; Rustow and Kochly, op. cit. p. 117.

As to the idea, commonly entertained, that the tactical arrangement of
the Laconian heavy infantry is highly complicated, no conception could
be more opposed to fact. For in the Laconian order the front rank men
are all leaders, (11) so that each file has everything necessary to play
its part efficiently. In fact, this disposition is so easy to understand
that no one who can distinguish one human being from another could fail
to follow it. One set have the privilege of leaders, the other the duty
of followers. The evolutional orders, (12) by which greater depth or
shallowness is given to the battle line, are given by word of mouth by
the enomotarch (or commander of the section), who plays the part of the
herald, and they cannot be mistaken. None of these manouvres presents
any difficulty whats