y, it can scarcely be traced, as is often done, to a Mohammedan
source.

A somewhat analogous ceremony (boyale) takes place for young women, and
the protegees appear abroad drilled under the surveillance of an old
lady to the carrying of water. They are clad during the whole time in a
dress composed of ropes made of alternate pumpkin-seeds and bits of reed
strung together, and wound round the body in a figure-of-eight fashion.
They are inured in this way to bear fatigue, and carry large pots of
water under the guidance of the stern old hag. They have often scars
from bits of burning charcoal having been applied to the forearm, which
must have been done to test their power of bearing pain.

The Bamangwato hills are part of the range called Bakaa. The Bakaa
tribe, however, removed to Kolobeng, and is now joined to that of
Sechele. The range stands about 700 or 800 feet above the plains, and
is composed of great masses of black basalt. It is probably part of
the latest series of volcanic rocks in South Africa. At the eastern end
these hills have curious fungoid or cup-shaped hollows, of a size
which suggests the idea of craters. Within these are masses of the rock
crystallized in the columnar form of this formation. The tops of the
columns are quite distinct, of the hexagonal form, like the bottom of
the cells of a honeycomb, but they are not parted from each other as in
the Cave of Fingal. In many parts the lava-streams may be recognized,
for there the rock is rent and split in every direction, but no soil is
yet found in the interstices. When we were sitting in the evening, after
a hot day, it was quite common to hear these masses of basalt split and
fall among each other with the peculiar ringing sound which makes people
believe that this rock contains much iron. Several large masses, in
splitting thus by the cold acting suddenly on parts expanded by the heat
of the day, have slipped down the sides of the hills, and, impinging
against each other, have formed cavities in which the Bakaa took refuge
against their enemies. The numerous chinks and crannies left by these
huge fragments made it quite impossible for their enemies to smoke them
out, as was done by the Boers to the people of Mankopane.

This mass of basalt, about six miles long, has tilted up the rocks on
both the east and west; these upheaved rocks are the ancient silurian
schists which formed the bottom of the great primaeval valley, and, like
all the recent