. of Dumfries by the Glasgow &
South-Western railway. Its auction marts for sheep and cattle sales are
the largest in the south-west of Scotland; at an autumn sale as many as
15,000 sheep and 1400 cattle are disposed of in one day. The leading
industries comprise the making of agricultural implements and mineral
waters, besides tanning. The Macmillan Free Church perpetuates the
memory of John Macmillan (d. 1753), the Cameronian, who helped to found
the Reformed Presbyterian Church. He had been chaplain to Murray of
Broughton, and afterwards became minister of Balmaghie, about 3-1/2 m.
N.W. of Castle Douglas. The town is the chief centre of business in East
Galloway, and it is also resorted to in midsummer for its beautiful
scenery and excellent fishing. Till 1765 it was only a village under the
name of Causewayhead, but the discovery of marl in the lake brought it
some prosperity, and it was purchased in 1792 by Sir William Douglas and
called after him. Since then its progress has been continuous.
Carlingwark Loch contains several islets, on one of which is a crannog,
or ancient lake dwelling.

CASTLEFORD, an urban district in the Osgoldcross parliamentary division
of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, on the river Aire near its
junction with the Calder, 9 m. S.E. of Leeds, on the North-Eastern and
Lancashire & Yorkshire railways. Pop. (1901) 17,386. Large glass-bottle
and earthenware-jar works, chemical works, and neighbouring collieries
employ the inhabitants. Here was the Roman village or fort of _Lagecium_
or _Legeolium_; and though visible remains are wanting, a number of
relics have been discovered.

CASTLE-GUARD, an arrangement under the feudal system, by which the duty
of finding knights to guard royal castles was imposed on certain
baronies, and divided among their knight's fees. The greater barons
provided for the guard of their castles by exacting a similar duty from
their knights. In both cases the obligation was commuted very early for
a fixed money payment, which, as "castle-guard rent" lasted on to modern
times.

See J.H. Round, "Castle-Guard," in _Archaeological Journal_, vol.
lix., and "Castle-ward and Coinage," in _The Commune of London._
(J. H. R.)

CASTLEMAINE, a town of Talbot county, Victoria, Australia, 78 m. by rail
N.N.W. of Melbourne. Pop. (1901) 5704. The gold-mines here were among
the first discovered in the colony, and dredging for gold is carried on
in