ade superior to civil power.

Par. 15--Jurisdiction usurped, and hereunder:

_a._ Troops, the quartering of.
_b._ Trial, of a mock nature.
_c._ Trade, the cutting off.
_d._ Taxes, without consent.
_e._ Trial, depriving of.
_f._ Transportation, to be
_g._ Tried, for pretended offenses.
_h._ Laws, abolishing the English.
_i._ Charters, the taking of.
_j._ Laws, abolishing special ones.
_k._ Constitutions, altering form of.
_l._ Legislatures, suspension of.
_m._ Power, to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

ABDICATION.

Par. 16--Declaring us out of his allegiance and protection.

WAR.

Par. 17--Warfare begun, and hereunder:

_a._ Seas plundered.
_b._ Coasts ravaged.
_c._ Towns burnt.
_d._ Lives destroyed.

Par. 18--Invasion.

Par. 19--Pressing of seamen.

Par. 20--Indian massacres.

Par. 21--Insurrection.

Par. 22--Waging war against human nature.

IV. PEACEFUL METHOD OF REDRESS, viz: Petitioning--Paragraph 23.

V. NECESSITY OF SEPARATION--declared in Paragraphs 24, 25.

VI. POWERS OF AN INDEPENDENT STATE DECLARED TO THE WORLD--in Paragraph
26.

ARGUMENT.

Let us now examine Articles III, IV, V, and VI. As they form the piece
proper, namely, the indictment and the declaration thereunder, let us
compare them with reference to the following:

In the conclusion of Common Sense Mr. Paine wrote: "Should a manifesto
be published and dispatched to foreign courts setting forth--

I. "The miseries we have endured; [This is Art. III of the
Declaration.]

II. "The peaceful methods which we have ineffectually used for redress;
[This is Art. IV of the Declaration.]

III. "Declaring at the same time that, not being able any longer to live
happily or safely under the cruel disposition of the British court, we
had been driven to the _necessity_ of breaking off all connection with
her; [This is Art. V of the Declaration.]

IV. "At the same time assuring all courts of our peaceful disposition
toward them, and of our desire of entering into _trade_ with them."
[This is Art. VI of the Declaration.]

Here are, _in their order_, the directions for producing the four last
articles of the famous document, and which constitute, as a special
instrument, all there is o