raged by their enemy's defeat, the Aequi, Volsci and the
Etruscan cities previously conquered by Rome took up arms, but each met
defeat in turn. Rome retained and consolidated her conquests in southern
Etruria. Part of the land was allotted to Romans for settlement and four
tribal districts were organized there. On the remainder, two Latin
colonies, Sutrium (383) and Nepete (372), were founded. The territory won
from the Volsci was treated in like manner.

In 354 the Romans concluded an alliance with the Samnite peoples of the
south central Apennines. Probably this agreement was reached in view of
the common fear of Gallic invasions and because both parties were at war
with the smaller peoples dwelling between Latium and Campania, so that a
delimitation of their respective spheres of action was deemed advisable.
At any rate, it was in the course of the next few years that Rome
completely subdued the Volsci and Aurunci, while the Samnites overran the
land of the Sidicini.

*The Latin War, 338-336 B. C.* Not long afterwards, the Latins, allied
with the Campanians, were at war with Rome. Even before this, subsequent
to the Gallic capture of Rome, the Romans had fought with individual Latin
cities, but now practically all the cities of the Latin league were in
arms against them. It is possible that both Latins and Campanians felt
their independence threatened by the expansion and alliance of the Romans
and the Samnites and that this was the underlying cause of hostilities.
However that may be, within two years the Latins had been completely
subdued. The Latin league ceased to exist. The individual cities, except
Tibur and Praeneste, lost their independence and were incorporated in the
Roman state. These two cities preserved their autonomy and concluded new
treaties with Rome.

*Alliance with the Campanians, about 334 B. C.* At about the same time,
the majority of the cities of Campania, including Capua, concluded an
alliance with Rome upon the conditions of the Roman alliance with the old
Latin league. These cities retained their independence, and extended and
received the rights of _commercium_ and _connubium_ with Rome. This meant
that the citizen of one city could transact any business in another that
was party to this agreement with the assurance that his contract would be
protected by the law of the second city, while if he married a woman of
that city his children would be considered legitimate heirs to his
property