border of the broad ligament is divided. The
torsion forceps are introduced and applied to the broad ligament above the
ovary. The left hand is then introduced, and the thumb and the index finger
grasp hold of the broad ligament above the forceps. With the right hand
torsion is applied and the ovary removed. The other ovary may be removed in
the same manner.

What has been said with regard to complications and aftertreatment in the
case of the male also applies to the female.

OTHER SURGICAL OPERATIONS.

Descriptions of other surgical operations not given in this chapter may be
found in other parts of this work by reference to the index.

* * * * *

SURGICAL OPERATIONS.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

Plate XXVI. Devices for casting cattle. (From Fleming.)

Fig. 1. Reuff's method of throwing or casting the ox.

Fig. 2. Miles's method of throwing or casting the ox.

Plate XXVII. Surgical instruments and sutures. (After Reynders and
Fleming.)

Figs. 1 and 2. Seton needles. These may be either long or short, straight
or curved, according to the locality in which a seton is to be inserted.

Fig. 3. Various forms of surgical needles.

Fig. 4. Suture forceps or needle holder, for passing needles through thick
and dense tissues.

Fig. 5. Knot properly tied.

Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Various forms of sutures. Fig. 6, interrupted suture;
7, quilled suture; 8, uninterrupted suture; 9, twisted suture, made by
passing suture pins through the parts to be held together and winding the
thread about them so as to represent the figure 8; 10, single-pin suture.

Fig. 11. Appliance for ringing the bull, one-fourth natural size.

Fig. 12. Nose clamp, with spring and keeper.

[Illustration: PLATE XXVI. DEVICES FOR CASTING CATTLE.]

[Illustration: PLATE XXVII. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND SUTURES.]

* * * * *

TUMORS AFFECTING CATTLE.

By JOHN R. MOHLER, V. M. D.,

_Chief, Bureau of Animal Industry._

[_Synonyms:_ New growth, neoplasm, neoformation, pseudoplasm, swelling, and
hyperplasia.]

_Definition._--Tumors[3] are abnormal masses of tissue, noninflammatory and
independent in character, arising, without obvious cause, from cells of
preexistent tissue, possessing no physiologic function, and
characteristically unrestrained in growth and structure.

Tumors are abnormal masses of tissue. The application of the term "tumor"
is directly connected wi