f ox (after Colin, from R. Meade Smith's Physiology of
Domestic Animals): _a_, rumen; _b_, reticulum; _c_, omasum; _d_, abomasum;
_e_, esophagus; _f_, opening of fourth stomach into small intestine.

Fuerstenberg calculated that in an ox of 1,400 pounds weight the capacity of
the stomach is as follows:

Per cent.
Rumen, 149.25 quarts, liquid measure 62.4
Reticulum, 23.77 quarts 10
Omasum, 36.98 quarts 15
Abomasum, 29.05 quarts 12.6

According to Colon-- Quarts.

The capacity of a beef's stomach is 266.81
Small intestine 69.74
Cecum 9.51
Colon and rectum 25.58

Fig. 1. Clinical thermometer, 4/5 natural size. This is used to determine
the temperature of the animal body. The thermometer is passed into the
rectum after having been moistened with a little saliva from the mouth, or
after having had a little oil or lard rubbed upon it to facilitate its
passage. There it is allowed to remain two or three minutes, then
withdrawn, and the temperature read as in any ordinary thermometer. The
clinical thermometer is made self-registering; that is, the mercury in the
stem remains at the height to which it was forced by the heat of the body
until it is shaken back into the bulb by taking hold of the upper portion
of the instrument and giving it a short, sharp swing. The normal
temperature of cattle varies from 100 deg. to 103 deg. F. In young animals it is
somewhat higher than in old. The thermometer is a very useful instrument
and frequently is the means by which disease is detected before the
appearance of any external sign.

[Illustration: PLATE I. SHOWING THE POSITION OF THE RUMEN.]

[Illustration: PLATE II. STOMACH OF RUMINANTS.]

[Illustration: PLATE III. INSTRUMENTS USED IN TREATING DISEASES OF
DIGESTIVE ORGANS.]

[Illustration: PLATE IV. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE LIVER.]

[Illustration: PLATE V. ERGOT IN HAY.]

[Illustration: PLATE VI. ERGOTISM.]

Fig. 2. Simple probang, used to dislodge foreign bodies, like apples,
potatoes, eggs, etc., which have become fastened or stuck in the esophagus
or gullet.

Fig. 3. Grasping or forceps probang. This instrument, also intended to
remove obstructions from the gullet, has a spring forceps at one en